Public Funding For Public Art - 1226 Words

Throughout history there have been many public funding’s that contributed to the world of art. Whether anyone realizes it or not, artists have a lot of responsibilities to try and please the public when they are working for the public. Also, there are numerous regional issues that greatly influence decisions about publicly funded art. Art is very important when forming a sense of nation character, therefore, we should support the public funding of art in America. Art is an important part of society and it can also be a very valuable part of our everyday lives. However, there are many positive and negative effects when it comes to the public funding of art in America. Supporters claim that subsidizing the arts pays for itself. These supporters suggest that the arts are what drive the economy of businesses within a community. Nothing in the United States Constitution requires the government to spend taxpayer dollars to fund public art. If the government chooses to fund public ar t in America, it must be done in a manner consistent with the First Amendment. Funding decisions cannot be based on whether the government agrees with the message being expressed in the piece of art. If we did not have to abide by that rule, then the government officials would use taxpayer dollars only to fund the pieces of art that support their views. However, what most American citizens do not realize is that the government funds are not infinite; they are limited to an extent. Government agenciesShow MoreRelatedPublic Funding Should Not Support Public Schools in Music and Arts628 Words   |  3 PagesEnglish 301A 14 September 2012 Public Funding should not support Public Schools in Music and Arts Education is one of the major problems faced by US as a nation and several debates pertaining to allocation of education funds are underway. The use of public education funds is one such matter which is debated very highly. The consequences of public education fund’s spending are long-term which makes this issue very important. Also, limited availability of public funds makes it essential for theseRead MorePublic Schools : Funding And Availability Of Arts Programs958 Words   |  4 Pages Public schools in America have seen a significant loss of funding which in turn has caused reductions in the funding and availability of arts programs country wide. School districts have cut the programs that they believe are least useful in boosting their testing averages which begs the question: In an age where students are taught simply to take tests, does education in the arts, and more specifically theatre, have a place in today’s schools. In recent years this country has seen tremendous cutsRead MoreThe Importance Of Arts And Funding Public School System Essay713 Words   |  3 Pagesimportance of arts and funding in the public school system. â€Å"I believe arts education in music, theater, dance, and the visual arts is one of the most creative ways we have to find the gold that is buried just beneath the surface. They (children) have an enthusiasm for life a spark of creativity, and vivid imaginations that need training – training that prepares them to become confident young men and women.†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Richard W. Riley, Former US Secretary of Education. (Rice) The importance of Art EducationRead MoreThe Importance of Funding Music and Art Programs for Young Students Across America1685 Words   |  7 Pagesand art programs in schools are perceived to many as extracurricular activities rather than important subjects that are vital to a students learning and skill development. The truth of the matter is that encouraging music and art education in public schools has a much larger impact on student’s grades, academic performance, and the economy than the majority people realize. Within the next year city school budgets will be dropping by twenty five percent, and despite the fact that music and art programsRead MoreGovernment Funding Of The Arts845 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment funding system for artists. Not only painters but also art museums are always looking for the NEA’s assistance. As it has been observed for years, the NEA funding has made a significant impact on the art we see today. The Government funding of the Arts is beneficial because they show care for what they display to the public, they are responsible for donating well amounts of money in grants, and they allow artists freedom of expression. The NEA has made it very clear that not all art shouldRead MoreShould The Federal Government Be Responsible For Funding Art Programs?981 Words   |  4 PagesSUBJECT: Public Policy on Federal Funding for the Arts DATE: December 12, 2014 ________________________________________________________________________ Sections One: Issue: Should the federal government be responsible for funding art programs (including art supplies/ tools, service training/staff, etc.) in public education establishments, or should those funds be made available by donation from private organizations or from other forms of sponsorship? Section Two: History: Since public schoolsRead MoreA Report On Newburgh Free Academy Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesextra-curricular activities. However, according to the district’s â€Å"Draft Budget Report for Fiscal Year 2017,† these programs do not all receive equal funding. There appears to be a large portion of available funds going towards the athletic program, while fine arts, language, and co-curricular programs receive little to no funding. The majority of public high schools across America, especially those located in overcrowded urban communities, experience a similar inequality. By dividing funds unevenlyRead MoreEssay On The NEA919 Words   |  4 Pages Every day we see art whether it is a pattern, sculpture, or even a picture. Art is everywhere. For artists to show their work they would go under the government process of the NEA. This program is wonderful on what they do with art. The government funding of art through the NEA is beneficial which help s art programs increase with money donations, the right to express your freedom, and lastly to show the public what they are wanting to see. The NEA helps art programs increase with money donationsRead MoreAdequate funding for the NEA1509 Words   |  7 PagesNational Endowment for the Arts is an independent agency that is funded by the federal government to help support many artists around the U.S. It has successfully been granting artists of every kind and has benefitted thousands of individuals and communities since its establishment in 1965. The NEA has had a huge impact in the development and the preservation of dance, design, folk and traditional arts, literature, media arts, museums, music, opera, theater, and visual arts (arts.gov). Over the yearsRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesO Art, Art, Wherefort art Thou Art? Who are Raphael, Leonardo, Michelangelo and Donatello? Present this question to a room full of children (as well as teenagers) and you are only going to receive references to the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles as responses, nearly without a shred of doubt. Though those guys are great, as someone in my mid-twenties I have some nostalgic attachment to them as well, this fictional presentation, with its’ fictional responses which is actually not related to those fictional

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Report on Business law

Question: Henrietta engaged a firm of solicitors to obtain an injunction to prevent a former male friend from visiting her and making a nuisance of himself. An unqualified litigation clerk was given the matter to handle, but his incompetence over an 11- month period created further embarrassment for Henrietta. Has Henrietta any claim against the firm for mental distress and upset? Answer: Introduction: The Contract of Australia is totally based and is quite inherited from the English Contract Law, which has a specific and basic statutory modification applicable in some places. The developments of Australian Laws started developing through the decisions given by the Australian Courts since the year 1980 and by the several kinds of legislation that has been passed by the Australian Parliament and also by many other territories and states. In Australia, there is a great role played by "Law of Equity" in increasing the changes regarding the Contract Laws, and the remedies also when they are breached. The basic six elements which are essential for legally binding the formation of Law of Contract they are as follows: An agreement which includes offer and also acceptance; Consideration which includes supply of money, a promise which needs to be undertaken, property or services regarding which will suffice relating to the consideration of money or commitment that is needed to be undertaken or not undertaken regarding any particular act(Furmston et al. 2012). Capacities to enter any legal and logical relations which can be considered regarding legal age and sound mind; Intention of the parties to come into any legal and logical relations (that is not commercial or private agreements with the members of family will not necessarily be important to constitute a contract for the purpose of creating any legal relation is also not often present) (Dyson and Ibbetson, 2013). Formalities- In most of the jurisdiction in Australia Contract it is not required to be presented writing until and unless exceptions are applied (Davies 2016). Certainty; The foundation of legal relation which is known as Contract is an agreement between parties. To translate the order from an agreement into Contract or the variations into of an existing Contract has to be favoured in consideration. The agreement should be full proof, complete, certain and sufficient to get enforced in court and there should also be the intentions of the parties to transfer their agreement into contact. If there is an absence of any kinds of elements, then it will clearly state that no point of law in the agreement or rather it is not enforceable to be a contact (Lewis 2014). Agreement: To analyse the existence of any agreement between "the parties," there must be the presence of rules of Offer and Acceptance'. It must also have to clear indication (offer) of expression by one of the parties (the offeror) in order of willingness bound on certain terms which must be accompanied by other of the party (the offeree) the offeror of unqualified assent as to that offer which is the acceptance (Burrows et al. 2012). Offer that clears the intentions of the offeror which can be bounded with negotiation or discussions, based on the set out terms. The court will further determine the objective intention of the offeror. It is also different from invitation to treat that is requests to the others in order of making offers for negotiating a contract in mind. An offer is also quite different from mere puff. An offer can also be made for making anyone liable who in beforehand accepts, withdraws offers. It may also be restricted to a class of people, or otherwise, be made to anyone before the withdrawal can accept the offer, which can include unascertained persons or the public. However, the offer remains ineffective until it is communicated, by anyone who is an offeror or any third person within the authority of the offeror (McKendrick 2014). Capacity: Contractual capacity refers the capability of the party who legally enters into a Binding Contract. In a case of drunks, minors, or mentally impaired persons may not possess a proper capacity to enter into the contract and other ordinary person may presume default to have a contractual capacity (O'Sullivan and Hilliard, 2014). Intention: This is regarded to the person's manifestation of intention to create legal relation. Preliminary agreements become apparent as soon as the parties may enter into an agreement, however, which has yet to be formalised more in intricate the agreement which has to be identified by both the parties. The intentional requirement has often been approached based on the commercial agreements of the parties which are presumed to intend legal consequences. Formalities: In many of the jurisdiction in Australia Contract is not required to be presented in writings but exceptions are applicable. The oral contract has the power equally as a written contract. These requirements are replaced by statute to prevent and protect the consumers from fraud. Certainty: The term certainty is encompassed with three related kinds of overlapping the problems vise- The agreement can be regarded as incomplete as the parties were not able to reach all essential elements or they have decided that agreement will further determine critical matter; The agreement can be quite uncertain as the terms are ambiguous or vague for the meaning that is attributed by the court. A particular promise can be illusory as contract or promisor has discretion whether should perform the promise. Contract affecting Australian legislation: Relating to the sale of goods most states have affected its statutes such as (Sales of Goods Act 1896) which includes warranties relating to merchantability and fitness. There are many similar terms which are implied under "Australian Consumer Law" relating to duty to take fitness and reasonable care some contract classes and it is also not displaced by contrary intention which is implied into parties intention. The Australian Consumer Law allows both on a legal trading through all states which corporate a person can be sued if they have been engaged in misleading or deceptive in conduct relating to trade or commercial matters. Taking into consideration the Case Laws which are applicable in matter of Breach Of Contract regarding Mental distress or upsets are as follows: Farley v Skinner [2001]:- It is an English Contact Law Case which is totally concerned with measurement for the availability of damages in distress matters. Mr Farley, who bought a large estate with Housing at Riverside in Blackboys, Sussex, which was not far from Gatwick which had croquet lawn, an orchard, a tennis court, a swimming pool and a paddock. On 28th of February 1991 he purchased it with 420,000and . Further, he spends 125,000 for its improvement. He was also an owner of a flat in London, an owner of a house in Brighton and also one in overseas. He thus hired Mr Skinner to survey the house particularly to clarify the aircraft noise level. Skinner stated that it was an acceptable noise, but in reality, the sound was intolerable at 6 am from the holding pattern above the house. Distressed Mr Farley often slept early morning in the garden. During the trial, the held that no one more had paid about the noise than him. Thus, there was a loss financially so awarded 10,000 for being distressed. Court furt her overturned his judgment and rescinded award of 10,000 (Andrews 2016). Judgment: The House of Lords stated the award of the judge of trial for not being to put in such kind of inconvenience which was an important term. Lord Scott stated that Farley had knowledge about the noise aircraft while he had bought the property. So he could claim on being deprived of contractual benefits or could have a claim for breach of contract or loss. He also stated that there was a reduction in market value of the house, although 10,000 was quite valuable within the right range. Lord Clyde, it regarded the peacefulness of the property. So there is the chance of surveyors be liable for the defective house that will cause distress (Rowan 2012). Hadley v Baxendale [1854]- In an English case law based on consequential of damages and losses from the breach of contract and breaching of a party is always liable for the damages and the losses which have been foreseen by the but it was overlooked. Mr Hadley and another who were millers and mealmen and worked in partnership as proprietors in city Steam-Mills at Gloucester. Hadley had a contract with defendant Baxendale and or for delivering crankshafts to repair it by engineers dated fixed at the cost 2. Terling and four shillings. But the defendant failed to deliver it on fixed date for which loss was suffered (Ashley et al. 2014). Judgment: In the Court of Exchequer which was led by Baron Sir Edward Hall Alderson declined by stating that he would not allow in this case Hadley to recover profits or losses as Baxendale cannot be held liable for the losses suffered which were foreseeable in case if Hadley in advance had mentioned in the special circumstance in which he couldnt have entered into the contract into dire circumstances. But quite obvious it is also stated that great multitude of this case where he sends broken shafts to a third person under ordinary circumstances and certain circumstances the plaintiff and the defendant has never communicated. For the important circumstances of the parties which provided basically breach of contract for the damages made in this case and according to this circumstance. It is quite unjust to deprive them, so the court also stated that such a breach of contract could have been completed by both parties when they entered into the contract (O'Gorman 2016). Reference List: Furmston, M.P., Cheshire, G.C. and Fifoot, C.H.S., 2012. Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmston's law of contract. Oxford university press. Dyson, M. and Ibbetson, D.J. eds., 2013. Law and Legal Process:'The hypostasis of prophecy': legal realism and legal history Charles Donahue, Jr; 2. Chancery, the Justices and the making of new writs in thirteenth-century England Paul Brand; 3. Copulative complexities: the exception of adultery in medieval dower actions Gwen Seabourne; 4. Arbitration and the legal profession in late medieval England Anthony Musson; 5. Privileges and their application in the main English central courts in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries Susanne Jenks; 6 .... Davies, P.S., 2016. JC Smith's the Law of Contract. Oxford University Press. Lewis, B., 2014. Jersey Law Review| Jerseys contract law: a question of identity. Burrows, J.F., Todd, S.M. and Finn, J., 2012. Law of contract in New Zealand. LexisNexis NZ. McKendrick, E., 2014. Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). O'Sullivan, J. and Hilliard, J., 2014. The law of contract. Oxford University Press, USA. Poole, J., 2014. Textbook on contract law. Oxford University Press, USA. Andrews, N., 2016. Appointing the Tribunal. In Arbitration and Contract Law (pp. 91-102). Springer International Publishing. Rowan, S., 2012. Remedies for breach of contract: a comparative analysis of the protection of performance. Oxford University Press on Demand. Ashley, P.S., Palmer, B. and Aldersey-Williams, J., 2014. An International Issue:'Loss of Profits' and'Consequential Loss'. Business Law International, 15(3), p.261. O'Gorman, D.P., 2016. When Lightning Strikes: Hadley v. Baxendale's Probability Standard Applied to Long-Shot Contracts. Loy. U. Chi. LJ, 47, pp.859-969.

What is a stakeholder and what role do they play in our healthcare system Essay Example

What is a stakeholder and what role do they play in our healthcare system? Essay What is a stakeholder and what role do they play in our healthcare system? A stakeholder is a person or group that has interest or concern in an organization. They can affect actions or be affected by the organizations actions, objectives and policies. In order to qualify as a stakeholder, an entity must have a claim or interests in the firm and the ability to influence it. In the role of healthcare this would include the hospitals, physicians, insurance companies and the drug companies. I think it was said best by McLaughlin and McLaughlin when they said â€Å"If everyone is in charge? then no one is in charge. In this paper I will discuss the hospital’s position on healthcare reform and why they take these positions. Education remains of importance for community-based nonprofit hospitals struggling to be able to manage the working costs of healthcare reform in a hard-hitting economy. The reform has caused a decrease in federal compensations to hospitals, and at the same time profits have declined, patient’s outstanding debts have started to pile up and the costs are up due to the increased use of the emergency room. We will write a custom essay sample on What is a stakeholder and what role do they play in our healthcare system? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What is a stakeholder and what role do they play in our healthcare system? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What is a stakeholder and what role do they play in our healthcare system? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hospitals have had to lay off more than 23,000 employees, to reduce their costs and try to increase success. In the years ahead working together in health care will become a main concern. Professionals are estimating more hospitals coming together, partnerships and developments to happen. Providers will also have to fight to get their portion of the 30 million new patients expected to come in the health care system in the next five years. On Dec. 9, The Chicago Tribune reported that health providers nationwide â€Å"are spending hundreds of millions of dollars on buildings, marketing and new partnerships to position themselves† to interest the future new patients created by the reform of healthcare. Healthcare reform means that hospitals will have to do more for less money, it also puts an importance on quality care by examining issues like the multiple need for patient readmissions and infections by relating payments to improvements. The biggest change is the yearly decrease to Medicare ayments, this is money that many local hospitals count on to remain in the black. Eventually, Medicare payments will be tied to productivity, meaning they will only get paid for what they actually do for the patient. These changes will put pressure on cash-strapped hospitals already fighting to stay open, forcing them to cut costs and improve the quality of services they offer. Those changes will put pressure on cash-strapped hospitals already fighting to stay in the black, forcing them to cut costs and improve the quality of services they offer. By following lines A – C on the chart below you can see how your hospital’s rate is compared to the national rate, which gives you your hospital’s â€Å"readmission rate. † On line D, if it is greater than 1. 0, then your readmission factor is above the expected and an â€Å"estimated excess payment† is calculated (lines E- F). Total estimated excess payments (line G) are the totals of the excess payments in line F. The uncapped payment adjustment factor is G/H. For this time period this is capped at 1%, so if your payment factor exceeds 1% it will be capped at 1% (lines I and J). % is then multiplied times the FFY 2012 Medicare inpatient operating payments for the hospital to give the final penalty amount (J * K). (hospital case management â„ ¢ / July 2012) According to the CMS the calculation for readmission with in a 30 day period looks The health care system in the United States is a linked system of patients, physicians, hospitals, insurers, and employers. Hospitals are facing a major cut in the amount they will be reimbursed from Medicare, so we know that ultimately other insurance companies will follow. Hospitals are handling on average 5,000 patients a day and that does not include the outpatient facility or the emergency room. Hospitals have always had to worry about their bottom line when it comes to patient care, staff, and overall expectations of keeping a hospital running, however now they will be doing more for less profit. Hospitals are our life line to healthcare and people need to know that they can still count on them when they are in need. References A Stakeholder Approach to Community Health Management; E. Jose Proenca, Widener University,2003

Free Online Public Schools for Tennessee Students

Free Online Public Schools for Tennessee Students Tennessee offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free; indeed they can get their entire education via the internet. Below is a list of no-cost virtual schools currently serving elementary and high school students in Tennessee. To qualify for the list, schools must meet the following qualifications: classes must be available completely online, they must offer services to Tennessee residents, and they must be funded by the government. Tennessee Virtual Academy The Tennessee Virtual Academy is for students who are in kindergarten through eighth grade. The tuition-free school offers courses in six core subjects and is specifically geared toward students with minds that might wander when traditional classes are too slow as well as minds that get lost in the shuffle, (and) minds that need a little more time, according to the academys website. Additionally, the school notes that its program features: State-certified teachers, who are available online and by phoneIndividualized curriculum, which covers both the core subject areas and electivesOnline planning and assessment tools, resources, and hands-on materials ranging from textbooks to microscopes, from rocks and dirt to illustrated classic children’s stories.A supportive school community, which organizes fun and informative monthly activities where parents, students, and staff share their successes, difficulties, and helpful hints K12 K12, which as the name implies is for kindergarten through 12-grade students, is in many ways like a brick-and-mortar school, in that it: Does not charge tuitionUses state-certified or -licensed teachersFollows Tennessee state education requirements for standards and assessmentsResults in a high school diploma upon completion But, K12 notes that it differs from traditional brick-and-mortar classrooms in that: Students receive individualized education and personalized one-to-one support.Classes do not take place in a building but rather at home, on the road, or wherever an internet connection can be found.Parents and students communicate with their teacher via online classrooms, email, and phone, (but also sometimes in person). K12 is a full-time program that follows the traditional school-year calendar. You can expect that your child will spend 5 to 6 hours per day on coursework and homework, the virtual program says on its website. But students are not always in front of a computer- they also work on offline activities, worksheets, and projects as part of the school day. Tennessee Online Public School (TOPS) Founded in 2012, Tennessee Online Public School is part of the Bristol, Tennessee City Schools system and is a statewide public virtual school serving Tennessee students in grades nine to 12. TOPS notes that it is accredited by AdvancED and uses Google Apps for Education to provide students with cloud-based services and email as well as Canvas, an open-access learning website that offers courses in a variety of areas. Families do not pay tuition for a student to attend an online public school, TOPS notes, but adds: Common household items and office supplies like printer ink and paper are not provided. Other Options The Tennessee Department of Education promotes online schooling and notes that parents can enroll their children in online virtual schools that are not based in Tennessee. However, parents need to ensure that the school has a legitimate accreditation status and provide evidence to the local school district that their child is enrolled in an accredited online school. The school must be accredited by one of the following regional accrediting agencies: AdvancEDSACS CASI – Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Council on Accreditation and School ImprovementNCA CASI – North Central Association Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement.NWAC – Northwest Accreditation CommissionMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools (MSA)MSCES – Middle States Commission on Elementary SchoolsMSCSS – Middle States Commission on Secondary SchoolsNew England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC)Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC)National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS) and affiliates (e.g., SAIS)National Council of Private School Accreditation (NCPSA) Note that many online schools do charge hefty fees, but there are just as many virtual schools that are free to public school students. If you find a virtual out-of-state school that sparks your interest, be sure to check for potential costs by typing tuition and fees in the school websites search bar. Then, fire up your PC or Mac and start learning online- for free.

What Hiring Managers Really Think of Tattoos in the Workplace

What Hiring Managers Really Think of Tattoos in the Workplace Approximately 14% of the American population have at least one tattoo.  Tattoo culture is on the rise  and the trend has finally made it’s way into mainstream society. Despite this new found popularity, there still seems to be a stigma regarding tattoos in the workplace. According to Skinfo.com, People with tattoos are more likely to have limited career potential and are less likely to get hired. In fact, there are no laws in place protecting people with tattoos from discrimination. And it’s not just hiring managers either. Skinfo also found that 43% of people feel that visible tattoos in the workplace are inappropriate.Luckily, large companies such as IKEA, Target, Google, and UPS are more tattoo friendly.So if you have tattoos, how do you go about finding and keeping a job? Skinfo has compiled an infographic on everything you need to know about tattoos in the workplace. You can use this to plan for the good, the bad, and the ugly. Good luck!Source:[BusinessInsider ]

Israeli Palestinian Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Israeli Palestinian Conflict - Essay Example Looking up at the conflict amid the Israel and Palestine as a nation, major problem occurred by the involvement of the United States. Before 1948, Jews and Palestine both used to live in the similar land, known to be Palestine. After the war of 1948 and 1949, the land, Palestine, was divided into three main parts, therefore, the West Bank, sate of Israel and the Gaza Strip. The division of land was done due to the decision made by the United Nations. In the beginning, the land was supposed to be divided into two parts, Arabs and the Jewish. After the unfortunate war of 1949, forces of Israel achieved control over the lands and a peace agreement was signed which created borders according to the decision of UN. Although, peace have never settled on the lands and there have been a variety of disputes over who control what parts of the land. Since 1967, Israel took control over Jerusalem and used its control to establish settlements and supported its civilians to move or inhabit the coun try. After the outbreak of the war in 1949, solution was never found and on the other hand, the Israel feels that they are the ones who should rule the lands but their status is yet to be determined. In June 1945 accompanied with an indirect rebelliousness of the British White Paper, restricted the Jewish immigration into the state for over 75,000 people and after that the President Truman send a proposal which stated that 100,000 European Jewish should be admitted at very instance. Truman was warned by the British that it would anger the Arabs but however, they accepted the proposal anyway. After few years, in 1948, Truman was advised to distinguish the State of Israel. After few minutes of the announcement, the United States recognized the newly formed Nation. According to Arabs, at that time, they thought that the United States was on the side of the Israel and this perception due to the actions taken by the United States has made it difficult to find a solution for the Israel and Palestine conflict. At first, the United States was very slow to provide military help to the new nation of Israel. After the Second World War, the attention of the United States directed towards the rising world power known to be Soviet Union. The problems and conflict of the Israel at that time were not of too much concern for the U.S. However, when Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula in 1958 from Egypt, the United States did not take side of the Israel but pressurized them to call back their troops from there. Apart from U.S. pressurization, there were a lot of many other threats that influenced Israel to move back. All through the 1950s and 1960s, level of assistance from United States was very low but in 1967, financial help for Israel went up to $13 million but however, it was soon altered. In the sixth day of war in 1968, the United States provided $76 million which increased for more than $800 by the end of 1971. In 2001, $2.82 billion plus with the military assistance was offered to the Israel. Additionally, $60 million was given for the resettlement of the refugees and $250 million for stabilizing the budget of Department of Defense as well as $85 million for accused interest. "Unquestionably, Israel is the largest cumulative recipient of U.S. aid since World War II. Estimates

Educational Service Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Educational Service Journal - Assignment Example The Floor was dusty, and the walls were made of mud. In my class, I did not have students with a special need but nearly all the students were communicating in the mother tongue. The school students had a unique culture of punishing students, for example, if a student made noise in class; he was to carry a pan having all the utensils in and run all around the field five times. This culture did not value all students, and I was of a different race I would not be comfortable in the school. During classes and on playgrounds, students divided themselves basing on their cultures. Yes, in peers there was a bigger discrimination rate, and if anything that will bring them is done then they will interact. The Parent Teacher Association (PTA) meeting are held, and parents are involved and shown how their children are stuck in cultural values. The school at large struggles with the eradication of culture by mingling the students in class and within the playgrounds among the varying cultural disposition. This attempt by the school has helped much because there was a smaller cultural difference in the whole school. In any normal class, boys get boredom faster they seem not to corporate anymore compared to their colleagues; girls. When it reaches that point, I let them go and play for some minutes. Girls do cooperate actively with each fully. Girls are hyperactive, and whenever any question is asked, they are the first to answer and when given an assignment they finish in time. Boys and girls do not play together; they stay separate and play separately. With time, this trend will change when they have reached certain age levels. Equality is a uniform factor, so when dealing with either boys or girls, dealing with them in the same discipline should apply to treatment, treat them equally without any favor. The school culture and the official curriculum do not promote cultural awareness.  

Southern Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Southern Stereotypes Essay Grotesque roams in the South whereby grace transformed into violence it becomes realization. In 1955, Flannery O’Connor wrote Good Country People, where she uses the distorted side of humans to aware the reader of the powerful reality of spirituality. Mostly the characters are used to represent grotesque. A female character in particular that O’Connor uses is Joy Hulga, a rather fanatical character who denies Southern stereotypes and is a â€Å"virgin ogre† who is a misfit. Southern belles are the way in the south that will have a place to fit. In this particular story O’Connor uses females to demonstrate a Southern social code. The society where these ladies are placed is one where a lot is expected. â€Å"The Southern Belle grows up (in genteel style), gets married (becoming a Southern lady), and like the larger American culture’s stereotypical woman, fulfills her highest destiny when she is wife and mother† (Pierce 1). Carramae has the attributes to truly be a southern belle who is a blonde that at age fifteen had come to be both a wife and a mother. Then on the other side her sister, Glynese an eighteen year old redhead with many admirers. Glynese wasn’t one to settle for crumbs she was worth a ’36 Plymouth and to get married by a preacher. Both â€Å"Glynese and Carramae are both fine girls,† (O’Connor 5) that any mother would be proud to be affiliated with and brag about and any man ready to escort such pretty ladies. â€Å"These Southern ladies are caricatures of normal girls who court young men, marry, and produce children† (Westling 518) representing the ways of a fine South. Unlike fine girls Joy Hulga denies the traditional Southern stereotypes of women. A common stereotype that O’Connor expresses is beauty within the exterior. Joy Hulga is always being compared to Glynese and Caramae and mostly because they are the belles while Joy Hulga is â€Å"a large blonds girl who has an artificial leg† (O’Conor 1). Joy Hulga has never fulfilled or fitted in a normal role or even danced, â€Å"any woman who fails to fulfill these roles is typically portrayed as either laughable, pathetic, or terrifying (and, in some cases, all of the above† (Pierce 1). She is now characterized as a thirty-two year old lady, whose life has passed beneath her eyes with no chance of a normal southern life converting her into a bitter egocentric person. She walks around stomping in a sluggish matter transmitting a depressing atmosphere. Aside from not having exterior beauty she has a Ph. D in philosophy. Any mother could brag about her daughter becoming a teacher but never a daughter who obtained a Ph. D. Due to the extent education she has she becomes an atheist. Since she thinks that she knows the truth about salvation, it brings herself into thinking she is superior than people because they haven’t opened their eyes to understand that there is no real salvation. â€Å"She looked at nice young men as if she could smell their stupidity† (O’Conor 3). Jo Hulga’s exterior and mindset juxtapose Southern life. Joy-Hulga’s very extensive character denies the Southern life who becomes a â€Å"virgin ogre† that is a misfit. O’Connor uses grotesque to establish characters creepy qualities. She has given Joy Hulga a distorted side to deny Southern stereotypes. It’s realism or just grotesque.

Trascedental Challenge :: Essays Papers

For my transcendental challenge, I chose to spend twenty minutes a day outside in a park. I did nothing but observe me surroundings. I observed the children playing, and the pedestrians going about their businesses and the nature. My original thoughts on this challenge were that it was great waste of time especially due to the freezing weather. I thought I had much better things to do and greater priorities. I even believed it would be boring so I doubted whether I should have done it or not. The thought of a great reward in the end or a possible lesson or discovery about life made me choose to start my challenge. I first wondered whether walking to the park was part of the challenge. On one hand the park was about five minutes away and the round trip in itself would cover half the time of my daily challenge. The trees and people I passed could have also been a part of observing nature and I believed I could have made some observations on my walk. On the other hand I was not still in one place because I was moving and the passing cars distracted me so I was not away from technology. I decided that it would not be fair to make a decision, being so biased, and I would decide after the results of my first ten minutes. I arrived at the park on this first day and sat on the first bench available. I sat with a frowned face. My first observation twenty seconds later was how the cold wind blasting on my face reminded me of how much I already hated this challenge yet liked the class responsible for it. My first thought was to count the number of trees. I counted sixteen trees and decided to examine the biggest of them all. I worked my way up from the giant trunk, to the long branches, to the highest leaf. I saw this tree as a home to animals such as squirrels and birds. Although they were not present at the time, I could imagine them climbing and flying in. I went home twenty minutes later smiling with an internal picture of squirrels and birds living in harmony. So I had decided that the round trip should not have been included in the challenge. On day two, after reviewing my notes, I realized I was imagining animals when I should have been observing them.

Consumer Buying Behavior Essay

Abstract: ‘Consumer is king’ –the statement carries profound truth in it. Today the success of any firm depends upon the satisfaction of consumers. For satisfying the consumers the firm should know about the behavior of the consumers. In these circumstances understanding consumer is a very difficult task because of the changing technology, innovation, and changes in life style. Researchers conducted many research in this area, and they given only few suggestion, but there is no final conclusion. As per the ideas given by the researchers, there are two factors influencing the consumers such as intrinsic and extrinsic factors. It is difficult to classify consumers by conventional demographic factors and unless their thought process and buying behavior are fully understood, decisions on product designs and packaging, branding and distribution channels are likely to be misplaced. With the inevitability of change looming large over the horizon, Indian companies must le arn from their western counterparts; not only to identify the sources, timing and direction of the changes likely to affect India, but also the new competencies and perspective that will enable them to respond to these changes, comprehensively and effectively. Look more:  the consumer buying process begins when essay This study mainly focus on understanding the external factors like demographic, social, cultural ,price, quality ,product attributes etc for buying toothpaste. The market share of any product is highly determined by the purchasing behavior of the consumers. Following study is conducted by the researcher to find out the behavior of the consumers, to analyze the preference of consumers, & consumer awareness. Descriptive research design was adopted and the data is collected through primary and secondary sources. The method adopted for conducting survey is questionnaire; Simple random sampling technique was adopted for selecting the consumers. Key words: Consumer behavior, Toothpaste buying pattern, Toothpaste awareness, Promotion impact, Attribute impact. 1. Introduction Consumer behavior is stated as the behavior that consumer display in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing of products, services and ideas that they expect will satisfy their needs. The study of consumer behavior is concerned not only with what consumers buy, but also with why they buy it, when and how they buy it, and how often they buy it. It is concerned with learning the specific meanings that products hold for consumers. Consumer research takes places at every phase of consumption process, before the purchase, during the purchase and after the purchase. According to Philip Kotler defined consumer behavior as â€Å"all psychological, social and physical behavior of potential customers as they become aware of evaluate, purchase, consume and tell other about products and services†. The scope of consumer behavior includes not only the actual buyer and his act of buying but also various roles played by different individuals and the influence they exert on the final purchase decision . Individual consumer behavior is influenced by economic, social, cultural, psychological, and personal factors. 1.1 Consumer purchase decision A decision is the selection of an action from two or more alternative choices. Consumer decision to purchase the goods from the available alternative choice is known as â€Å"consumer purchase decision†. The various options of the consumer may be classified into five main types of decisions. They are what to buy, how much to buy, where to buy, when to buy, how to buy. The participants in the buying decisions may be classified as the initiator, influencer, decider, buyer and users. The marketing people should initiate the participants in the purchase decision to make the purchases of the product at different marketing strategies. There are number of reasons why the study of consumer behavior developed as separate discipline. Marketers had long noted that consumer did not always act or react, as marketing theory would suggest. The size of the consumer market in the country was vast and constantly expanding: millions of dollars were being spent on goods and services by millions of people. Consumer preferences were changing and becoming highly diversified. 1.2 Indian Oral Care Industry Many people in India still clean their teeth with traditional products like Neem twigs, salt, ash, tobacco or other herbal ingredients. Average all India per capita consumption of toothpaste is a dismal 82gms.The dentist to population ratio is a critically low 1:35000 in the country. This results in low oral hygiene consciousness and widespread dental diseases. Less than 15% of the Indian toothpaste users brush twice a day. Colgate and Hindustan Lever together account for over 85% of the organized toothpaste market. Red and Black toothpowder still accounts for 35% of the toothpowder market. In toothpowders, Colgate and Dabur are the leading players sharing between them 75% of the market 2. Review of literature 2.1 Consumer behavior Consumer behavior has been always of great interest to marketers. The knowledge of consumer behavior helps the marketer to understand how consumers think, feel and select from alternatives like products, brands and the like and how the consumers are influenced by their environment, the reference groups, family, and salespersons and so on. A consumer’s buying behavior is influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. Most of these factors are uncontrollable and beyond the hands of marketers but they have to be considered while trying to understand the complex behavior of the consumers. In this study, the researcher emphasizes the importance of lifestyle and its impact on the buyer behavior. 2.2 Consumer Personality Factors There are two factors mainly influencing the consumers for decision making: Risk aversion and innovativeness. Risk aversion is a measure of how much consumers need to be certain and sure of what they are purchasing (Donthu and Gilliland, 1996).Highly risk adverse consumers need to be very certain about what they are buying. Whereas less risk adverse consumers can tolerate some risk and uncertainty in their purchases. The second variable, innovativeness, is a global measure which captures the degree to which consumers are willing to take chances and experiment with new ways of doing things (Donthu and Gilliand, 1996).The shopping motivation literature is abound with various measures of individual characteristics (e.g., innovative, venturesome, cosmopolitan, variety seeking), therefore, innovativeness and risk aversion were included in this study to capture several of these traits. Measures by Donthu and Gilliland (1996) were used to measure innovativen ess and risk aversion. 2.3 Perception: Perception is a mental process, whereby an individual selects data or information from the environment, organizes it and then draws significance or meaning from it. 2.4 Perceived fit Perceived fit is an attitudinal measure of how appropriate a certain channel of distribution is for a specific product .Morrison and Roberts (1998) found that consumer’s perception of the fit between a service/product and a channel is very influential in determining whether they will consider using that channel for a specific service. In fact, perceived fit was found to be more important than consumer’s preferences for the distribution method or service. 2.5 Product Class knowledge Product class knowledge is a measure of consumers perceptions of how much they know about a specific class of products (eg.,cars)This type of measure is consistent with what Brucks(1985) called subjective knowledge, that is, consumers self-perceptions of knowledge levels. This is often contrasted with objective knowledge, which is what consumers actually know. Park and Lessing (1981) proposed that subjective knowledge provides a better understanding of consumers decision making processes because consumers level of confidence in their search and decision making behavior, independent of their objective knowledge. 2.6 Product type Past research indicates that consumers purchase and channel decisions might be influenced by the type of product being investigated (Cox and Rich 1964:Lumpkin and Hawes 1985;Morrison and Roberts 1998:Papadopoulos 1980:Prasad 1975:Sheth 1983: Thompson 1971). In particular ,these authors state that certain products might be more appropriate for one channel or another, which ultimately influences consumers channel preference and choice. 2.7 Quality It is our aim to provide the best product for the consumer and we believe that if the products have quality the consumer will pay the price, says Amal pramanic, regional business director .Oral-B 2.8 Packaging Packaging establishes a direct link with the consumers at the point of purchase as it can very well change the perceptions they have for a particular brand. A product has to draw the attention of the consumers through an outstanding packaging design. Earlier packaging was considered only a container to put a product in, but today, research in to the right packaging is beginning at the product development stage itself. Packaging innovation has been at the heart of Dabur’s attempt to rap with the urban consumers. It spends large sums annually on packaging research.-â€Å"We have been laying emphasis on aesthetics, shelf appeal and convenience for consumer’† says Deepak Manchandra, manager packaging development 2.9 Promotion The greatest challenge faced by companies today is holding and increasing their market share and value. This is always a strenuous exercise and one of the tools for the same is marketing. There is no specific game rule available for using these marketing tools .The reason is: each promotional tool has its own characteristics. 2.10 Familiarity with a channel Consumer’s familiarity with a channel is a measure of the general experience they have with purchasing products through specific channels (i.e.. catalog, internet, and bricks-and-mortar retailer). Through frequent use consumers should become accustomed to using the channel, which reduces their apprehension and anxiety in purchasing products through the channel. 2.11 Brand Awareness According to Rossiter and Prey (1987), brand awareness precedes all other steps in the buying process. A brand attitude cannot be performed, unless a consumer is aware of the brand. In memory theory, brand awareness is positioned as a vital first step in building the bundle of associations which are attached to the brand in memory (Stokes, 1985). 2.12 Family influence A family exerts a complex influence on the behaviors of its members. Prior family influence research has focused on intergenerational rather than intergenerational influence in consumer generationalisation. As has been compellingly demonstrated, parents influence children (Moore, Wilkie, and Lutz2002; Moschis 1987).Yet, consumption domains clearly exist where sibling efforts may also be exerted 2.13 Shopping motives Shopping motives are defined as consumer’s wants and needs as they relate to outlets at which to shop. Two groups of motives, functional and nonfunctional, have been proposed by Sheth (1983). Functional motives are associated with time, place, and possession needs and refer to rational aspects of channel choice. Whereas nonfunctional motives relate to social and emotional reasons for patronage. The functional motives included: convenience, price comparison, merchandise assortment. The nonfunctional motives entail: recreation.

Mount athos

Mount Athosis a mountain on the peninsula of the same name in Macedonia, of northern Greece, called in Greek Agion Oros transliterated frequently as Hagion Oros, or in English, â€Å" Holy Mountain † . It is a topographic point of 20 Eastern Orthodox monasteries and is good known for the fact that it is a self-governed cloistered province of the sanctum mountain. The lone manner one can see the mountain is by boat. Merely males are allowed to see and are required to hold a particular entryway license. If one wants to populate in the â€Å" Garden of the Virgin † he should be portion of the Eastern Orthodox Church and must be over 18 old ages old. However, there are non merely Christians that live on saddle horse Athos. There are besides a figure of Albanians who besides work on the Holy mointain. There are guards that keep the order, constabulary and Coast Guard that besides observe the order on the mountain. There presence is really discreet. The 20 monasteries are:Megistis Lavras monasteryVatopediou monasteryIviron monastery – built by GeorgiansHelandariou monastery – SerbianDionysiou monasteryoutloumousiou monasteryPantokratoros monasteryXiropotamou monasteryZografou monastery – BulgarianDochiariou monasteryKarakalou monasteryFilotheou monasterySimonos Petras monasteryAgiou Pavlou monasteryStavronikita monasteryXenophontos monasteryOsiou Grigoriou monasteryEsphigmenou monasteryAgiou Panteleimonos monastery – RussianKonstamonitou monasteryHowever I am traveling to speak about 5 of them. The first 1 is the monastery of Great Lavra.It is the first monastery built on Mount Athos. . It is found by Athanasius in AD 963. Athanasius, began the building of the edifices in 963, harmonizing to the will of his friend and Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas who funded the undertaking. Nikephoros had promised Athanasius that he would shortly became a monastic. However, he died before he could maintain his promise. The emperors gave the monastery many lands of belongings including the island of Saint Eustratius and the Monastery of Saint Andreas in Thessaloniki.. In 1655, the Patriarch Dionysios III, who besides became a monastic, donated all his luck to Great Lavra..Treasures found in Lavre Monastery:The library of the monastery is located behind the chief church. It contains 2,116 Grecian manuscripts and 165 codices. Among them manuscripts of the New Testament: Codex Coislinianus, Codex Athous Lavrensis, Uncial 049, Uncial 0167, and small letters 1073, 1505, 2524, 1519. This aggregation is one of the richest aggregations of Grecian manuscripts in the universe. Some of the most of import artifacts found in the vestry are a manuscript of a Gospel with a aureate screen. This is a gift from Nikephoros II Phokas. Hilandar Monasteryis a Serbian Orthodox monastery on Mount Athos in Greece. It was founded in 1198 by the Serbian Saint Sava and his male parent, Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja. It is called â€Å" The Serbian monastery † because its laminitiss are Serbs and first monastics were besides Serbes.. . Hilandar does non hold an archimandrite, but an under-abbot. The Mother of God through her Icon of Three Hands ( Trojerucica ) , is considered as the mother superior. Two mediaeval Bulgarian royal charters, the Virgino Charter and the Oryahov Charter, have been found in Hilandar ‘s library. After the autumn of Serbia and Bulgaria under Ottoman regulation, the inflow of Serbian monastics decreased at the disbursal of Bulgarians. From the 17th to the nineteenth century, Hilandar was preponderantly Bulgarian-populated: in his history of 1745, the Russian pilgrim Vasily Barsky writes that the monastics of Hilandar were all Bulgarians. Ilarion Makariopolski, Sophronius of Vratsa and Matey Preobrazhenski have all lived at that place, and it was in this monastery that Saint Paisius of Hilendar began his radical Slavonic-Bulgarian History. TheSaint George the ZograforZograf Monasteryis a Bulgarian Orthodox monastery on Mount Athos ( the â€Å" Holy Mountain † ) in Greece. It was founded in the late 9th or early tenth century by three Bulgarians from Ohrid. It is inhabited by Bulgarian Orthodox monastics. The monastery ‘s name is derived from a 13th or fourteenth century icon of Saint George that is believed to hold non been painted by a human manus ( zograf ( os ) in Grecian agencies â€Å" painter † ( from zoe= † life † and grafos= † Scribe † ) and to possess wonder-working powers. The earliest written grounds of the monastery ‘s being day of the months from 980. Since it was the lone Bulgarian Monastery on Mount Athos the Bulgarian swayers supported it. The Zograf Monastery has besides received land gifts by Byzantine ( the first giver being Leo VI the Wise ) , Serbian, and Rumanian swayers. The Zograf Monastery ‘s library is of a major importance to the Bulgarian civilization. It preserves mediaeval manuscripts such as a fifteenth century transcript of the passional of Saint Naum of Ohrid, the 14th-century passional of Saint Paraskevi, the original unsmooth transcript of Paisius of Hilendar ‘s Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya and the History of Zograf. There can besides be found 388 manuscripts in Slavic and 126 In Greek.. Two medieval Bulgarian royal charters, the Zograf Charter and the Rila Charter, have been discovered in the monastery ‘s library. Stavronika monastery is an Eastern Orthodox monastery at the cloistered province of Mount Athos in Greece, dedicated to Saint Nicholas. The monastery keeps a widely known fourteenth century icon of Saint Nicholas, known as â€Å" Streidas † because when it was by chance discovered at the underside of the sea, an oyster had stuck at the brow of St. Nicholas. Harmonizing to the myth, when the monastics of Stavronikita removed the oyster, the saint ‘s brow bled. Stavronikita has a aggregation of many sanctums relics.. The monastery has a aggregation of 171 manuscripts, out of which 58 are written on parchment. Some of the manuscripts bear noteworthy iconography and ornament. St. Panteleimon Monasteryis a Russian Orthodox monastery built on the south-west side of the peninsula of Mt. Athos in Greece. It is the largest of the 20 monasteries on the Holy mountain.. The monastery was founded by several monastics from Kiev Rus in the eleventh century. That ‘s why it is known as ‘Rossikon ‘ , and traditionally it was inhabited by Kiev and subsequently by Russian Orthodox monastics. It was recognized as a separate monastery in 1169. The monastery prospered in the 16th and 17th centuries because it was extravagantly sponsored by the Tsars of Moscovy. It declined dramatically in the eighteenth century to the point that there were merely two Russian and two Bulgarian monastics left by 1730. The library contains 1,320 Grecian manuscripts and another 600 Slavonic 1s, every bit good as 25,000 printed books. In add-on, the library has a few priceless relics, such as the caput of Saint Panteleimon, one of the most popular saints in Russia.

Free Essays on Music At The Eva B. Dykes Library

After visiting The Eva B. Dykes Library, I’ve found out that there are many musical resources available. Books, magazines, and computers are the typical means for information, however, not only does the library offer these assets but it also provides a Media Resource Center. The research center provides students with cassette tapes and cassette players, television’s, VCR’s and video’s. In addition, many activities are available for students while working in the library. Students might surf the internet, watch video’s, listen to tape cassette’s, read a wide range of books and magazine’s, study, or in most cases do research. When searching for a book, or magazine, a call number is displayed, each call number contains a specific meaning. The following call numbers meanings are as follows: ML (Literature of Music) MT (Musical Instruction and Study) M (Instrumental Music). A bibliographic citation for each of the following would go accordingly: The Broadway Song Companion, DeVenney, David P. ML128. M78 D48,  © 1998 Study & Listening Guide for a History, Burkholder, J. Peter MT6.5 .B92  © 1996 The Comprehension Study of Music, Brandt, William E. M2 .C67 V.  © 1996 After researching a â€Å"Slit Drum† in both, The Harvard Dictionary of Music and The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, the musical term’s meanings differ. According to The Harvard Dictionary, a slit-drum is â€Å"A length of wood or bamboo hollowed out through a slit on one side and beaten with a stick. In America, the slit is often cut in the form of an â€Å"H† to make two tongues of different pitch.† The New Grove, definition of a slit-drum is â€Å"A percussion tube used for musical or signaling purposes. Made by cutting, burning or gouging a slit in the wall of a hollowed-out tube. On most slit-drums the wall of the two sides of the slit are carved to different thickness so that at least two different pitches can be produced. Whe... Free Essays on Music At The Eva B. Dykes Library Free Essays on Music At The Eva B. Dykes Library After visiting The Eva B. Dykes Library, I’ve found out that there are many musical resources available. Books, magazines, and computers are the typical means for information, however, not only does the library offer these assets but it also provides a Media Resource Center. The research center provides students with cassette tapes and cassette players, television’s, VCR’s and video’s. In addition, many activities are available for students while working in the library. Students might surf the internet, watch video’s, listen to tape cassette’s, read a wide range of books and magazine’s, study, or in most cases do research. When searching for a book, or magazine, a call number is displayed, each call number contains a specific meaning. The following call numbers meanings are as follows: ML (Literature of Music) MT (Musical Instruction and Study) M (Instrumental Music). A bibliographic citation for each of the following would go accordingly: The Broadway Song Companion, DeVenney, David P. ML128. M78 D48,  © 1998 Study & Listening Guide for a History, Burkholder, J. Peter MT6.5 .B92  © 1996 The Comprehension Study of Music, Brandt, William E. M2 .C67 V.  © 1996 After researching a â€Å"Slit Drum† in both, The Harvard Dictionary of Music and The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, the musical term’s meanings differ. According to The Harvard Dictionary, a slit-drum is â€Å"A length of wood or bamboo hollowed out through a slit on one side and beaten with a stick. In America, the slit is often cut in the form of an â€Å"H† to make two tongues of different pitch.† The New Grove, definition of a slit-drum is â€Å"A percussion tube used for musical or signaling purposes. Made by cutting, burning or gouging a slit in the wall of a hollowed-out tube. On most slit-drums the wall of the two sides of the slit are carved to different thickness so that at least two different pitches can be produced. Whe...

How to Write an SEO Article †Part 2

How to Write an SEO Article – Part 2 How to Write an SEO Article Part 2 How to Write an SEO Article Part 2 By Colin In part one of How To Write An SEO Article, we looked at how important it is to get the basics of an SEO article correct from the start. We looked at the importance of writing relevant content to the user and not the search engine, and we also looked at the research that goes into keywords and keyphrases that are to be integrated into the article. Nothing that was described in part one should be considered difficult by anyone. If it is, please email me individually, making sure to swallow a pinch of salt before you do. In part two of How To Write An SEO Article, I’m going to take everything we have learned in part one and apply it to the article that needs to be written. I’ll also cover that slightly boring, but all-important, ‘techy bit’. Using Keywords and Keyphrases Okay, so you have your keywords either by your own intuition or from a client. Then what? Well, the first step is to go back to step one, and remind yourself what the actual article that is going to be so helpful and informative to the reader, is all about. Then, based on this remit, write the article, and along the way, include the keywords and keyphrases among the text in as natural and logical a manner as possible. It may be you can build the article around the keywords themselves, but the most important thing is not to over use them. It makes the article appear like an attempt at SEO article writing gone mad. Also, it won’t read well and a reader will give up before he gets half way through. If you are struggling to find suitable places for the keywords, never force it into the text just so you can include it. If it doesn’t flow with the natural rhythm of the piece, leave it out or re-write the text. If you still find it impossible to use it elsewhere in the piece, wipe the slate clean and re-write the article from an entirely new angle. Obviously, if you are writing to the demands of a client who has given you a difficult remit with awkward keywords, this rule may have to be bent a little, but being a creative freelance writer means being able to adapt to situations like this, so trust yourself and go with the flow. Point of Note #1: they wouldn’t need someone to do it for them, if they could do it themselves. Point of Note #2: remember you’re the expert, so write the article for the reader, not the algorithm. Where possible (although this may not be part of your remit), try to include one of the keyphrases in the headline, and if possible, the sub-headline. This is a neat way of taking the pressure off the article content, while keeping the keywords at the front of the search engine algorithm results when it comes around. Hypertext Links Creating hypertext links that are embedded within the content of an article, is a great way of increasing general interest, as well as allowing a higher chance of search engine spiders being able to reach it. Too many hypertext links within your text will only annoy readers, though, so creating links to every keyword is not recommended. Linking to other interesting articles or websites from other words or phrases, that may not be specific to the remit given to you, may help to build a higher percentage of user interest, as well as boost the SEO ranking of the page the article is published on. For example, here is a section from an SEO article for the music industry I recently wrote: â€Å"Bidding for concert tickets from an unknown Internet source, is not a good way of buying your all important seats to see Britney Spears.† The keyphrase in this article is ‘concert tickets’ and as you can see, has been used within the article’s context. However, it doesn’t take a genius to work out that more searches are run for the phrase ‘Britney Spears’ than for ‘concert tickets,’ therefore, not only is it mentioned in the same paragraph, but there is also a hypertext link included which links to her official site. Having both phrases, ‘concert tickets’ and ‘Britney Spears,’ alongside each other, is quite clearly a potent combination for anyone concerned who might want to run an Internet search like it; Britney fans, music fans, memorabilia collectors, ticket touts, etc. Therefore, this sentence when published, will look like this: â€Å"Bidding for concert tickets from an unknown Internet source, is not a good way of buying your all important seats to see Britney Spears.† Keyword Density Keyword density is a term often used in the context of SEO, and is often stressed as being a vital component of every SEO article writer’s armoury. The phrase came into being because keywords, which provide the foundation on which SEO copywriting is based, led many people to conclude that the more keywords included in a SEO article, the higher chance there is of that web page being ranked during a search. Scientific formulae were developed to try and prove this, and thus an industry was born. Unfortunately, in this writer’s experience, this is almost always complete rubbish. Generally, one will find that no matter how many times the phrase ‘Britney Spears,’ is used in an article, when published, it simply will not shoot into the top ten in Google’s search ranking. Good keyword usage is supported not by the amount of times it is used in a web article, but by the combinations of other relevant keywords it sits beside, as in the example given earlier of ‘Britney Spears’ and ‘concert tickets.’ Each individual, but related keyword, helps narrow the search down even further. However, even with the most advanced SEO keyword placement strategies in place, there is still one remaining factor that is vital to help support the use of keywords and keyphrases: web page construction. Which takes me neatly onto the ‘techy bit’. Web Page Optimisation (The ‘Techy Bit’) As a freelance writer this section isn’t really required, but I though it wouldn’t hurt to come to a better understanding of the different ways that keywords and SEO can be applied, to increase the page rank of a website. Within the construction of a simple HTML web page, is a section at the top called the Header. Within this section there are various meta tags, the most important of which is the Title tag, and the Meta description tag. Search engine spiders read the meta data within a webpage, and are attracted to those sites which have keywords present early on. Search engine spiders and web browsers read HTML code from top to bottom (meta data then content), so what comes first gets read first and is therefore output first. It is therefore very important for good web page optimisation to occur, that an emphasis be placed on the usage of keywords in the Title tags and Meta tags, and to have the most important ones placed near the beginning. For example, here is an extract of HTML data taken from a website that might have published the article on Britney Spears concert tickets: html head titleBritney Spears Concert Tickets/title meta name="Keywords" content="Britney Spears, concert tickets, Britney on tour, gigs, stadium tour, Toxic, Oops I Did It Again† /head body Bidding for bconcert tickets/b from an unknown Internet source, is not a good way of buying your all important seats to see a href=†britneyspears.com†Britney Spears/a †¦..etc. /body /html As you can see, the most important keyphrases were used in the web page title, as well as at the front of the meta keywords line. And in the content we had the combination of keywords and keyphrases, including a logical hypertext link to what happens to be a very popular website on the Internet, for whatever reason. And that, in a nutshell, is about all you need to know to get started writing SEO articles. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs PastLoan, Lend, Loaned, Lent40 Synonyms for Praise

Racial Discrimination in Criminal Justice System Essay

Racial Discrimination in Criminal Justice System - Essay Example The targeting of these groups by the police on the notion that they commit more crimes acts to deepen the alienation and hostility between the police and these communities. These complain of such groups not taken seriously not withstanding that they are a target of regular police hostility and violence. These kinds of racist behavior done trough the complete awareness and consideration by legislators on the history of racism, and the societal challenges brought about by racist treatment of people. The criminal justice system comprises of the courts, police and the correctional facilities. Discrimination usually occurs to individuals who belong to a group either marginalized or belonging to a group that with history of social stigmatization. These individuals have a higher likely hood of torture or undergoing human degrading treatment. The racial origins of a suspect form the basis of making decisions police arrests and police shootings. The race-based discrimination is the greatest c rime in the criminal justice system where the targeted individuals face more aggressive and punishments as compared to the total population. Looking at the United State of America, for example, the African Americans are a target of racial discrimination and face a much harsher punishment and treatment than the whites. Racial discrimination The aspect of racial profiling by the police brings out the vice of racial discrimination by the police. ... In trying to eradicate this practice, the police have tried to keep away from the habits the police force has recruited individuals from these communities into force in order to try and increase the confidence of these communities in the police force. The view among the public citizens is that the functioning of race as a basis of deciding on whom to stop and search is wrong. This position, however, challenged by a section especially in connection to terrorist attacks, and the use of race to form the basis of stop and search seems necessary. The effect of racial profiling is that the police do not get assistance by these communities’ especially in investigations and during community policing done by the police on these neighborhoods. Changes aimed at reducing racial disparity Although considerable efforts made to reduce instances of racial discrimination and increase trust in policing strategies among the communities the practice yet still exists. Scarman's recommendations The Scarman’s report of the Brixton disorders in 1981 extensively seen as of immense significance in development of practices of policing. The inquiry of the Scarman regarded additional necessity by the flare of rioting across the country in the same year. The fundamentally concern was about the failure by the police to deal with riots resulting from repressive policing methods, the failure of approval and the lack of capability in conflict resolution and public disorder. It is essential to note that much of the police reforms conducted during the 1980 s. In consideration to changes in discriminatory practices and policing, Scarman in concluding his report states that the allegations by a number of individuals who offered

Reflect and evaluate Brand Starbucks marketing principles Essay

Reflect and evaluate Brand Starbucks marketing principles - Essay Example Brands absorb everything around them like Imelda Marcos in the shoe department at Nordstrom† (quoted in Kalin, 2001). By this definition, customer service and the quality of the products are actually considered part of the brand. Strong brands help companies establish a place within the international and local marketplace (Aaker, 1996). They also help the company develop a strong consumer base through brand recognition. However, brands don't become strong without offering quality products and excellent customer service. This is because brands only become strong when they have a high number of loyal consumers. Loyal consumers are made by giving them products that they enjoy and appreciate and taking care of customers when they have complaints or problems. According to Childers, satisfied customers exponentially increase in number, resulting in greater profitability for the company (2005). To see how this works, it's helpful to apply these ideas to a company like Starbucks. Starb ucks is a well-known coffee company that specializes in serving ready-to-drink single-serve coffee and other drinks to a mostly middle and upper class clientele. This company now has a very strong brand which it has gained by focusing on quality products and excellent customer service. ... Each customer was treated as a regular, whether they were or not, with their name written on their cup and plenty of customization of their order available. Now that the company has cultivated a very strong consumer base, it relies more and more on its strong brand to continue driving growth. As part of this brand, it offers customized menus for each region based upon local and national favorites. All of these different menus are brought together under the one brand identified by a simple and universal logo. Even if the menu isn't the same as the menu back home, travelers to new places can feel at home as soon as they walk into a Starbucks store because of that logo and a relatively similar approach to decor. Examining this company and assuming I have correctly identified the marketing principles it considers to be most important, I believe Starbucks is doing a good job of following these principles. Having a strong global brand is important to success in the commercial world today, but Starbucks has not forgotten that it developed that brand by offering quality products and excellent customer service. It proves this by maintaining a focus on what the local market enjoys and expects. â€Å"Experience has shown that companies need not always create one-size-fits-all global brands just because the world appears to be shrinking. Indeed, firms should recognize that adapting brands to local conditions will on many occasions be the best approach, and at times the only approach, because local conditions will leave them no other choice† (Managing Brands, 2005). By adapting their brand to local conditions but insisting that everything sold in the similarly decorated coffee houses carries the

Summarize the teaching and work on application from the Bible, book 1 Research Paper

Summarize the teaching and work on application from the Bible, book 1 Timothy (only chapter 1) - Research Paper Example At issue are the men who are straying from the gospel of salvation by faith in Christ Jesus. Paul’s treatment of doctrinal issues related to the law are more fully expounded in Romans and Galatians (and assuming he is the author, the book of Hebrews), but he uses a short discussion of the Law as a springboard to shift the discussion to its proper place, salvation by faith. â€Å"Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, among whom I am foremost of all. And yet for this reason I found mercy, in order that in me as the foremost, Jesus Christ might demonstrate His perfect patience, as an example for those who would believe in Him for eternal life.† (1 Tim 1:15-16) In other words, if Paul can find salvation in Christ, he who persecuted and killed believers, anyone can. Starting in verse 4, Paul explains the goal of pastoral care: â€Å"†¦furthering the administration of God which is by faith.

Four Fundamental Freedoms Of The Eu Economics Essay

Four Fundamental Freedoms Of The Eu Economics Essay The establishment of a Single Market is a key stage in the integration process of the European Community. The basis of the Single Market is the common market, which is the aim of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (1957). It should be achieved through eliminating the barriers for the trade among the countries (duties and quotes); establishment of Customs Union; removing the barriers to the free movement of goods, services, capital and persons; sustaining of a system guaranteeing the conditions for free competition and applying a common trade policy (in their relations with third countries) Very good . The process of creation of a common market according to the contract is defined for the period of 12 years, planned as a sequence of 3 stages, which consist of 4 years each source ?. The Single Market is based on the four fundamental freedoms of the EU: Free Movement of Goods it requires establishment of Customs Union, including removing the duties among the EU states, adoption of a common customs tariff in their relations with third countries and removing quantitative restrictions between Member States (quotes). In the beginning the duties are fixed (it is prohibited to increase them) and it is planned to remove them step by step by 1970. The decrease by the end of first stage should be 25%, by the end of the second stage 50%. During the transition period the quantitative restrictions should be removed. Source ? Special attention is given to the agricultural products due to their high sensitivity. The Treaty provides that the regulations of the common market are also valid for these products. However, a common agricultural policy is applied for the development of the sector. good The Free Movement of Persons After the end of the transition period the Treaty provides the EU citizens to have the right to accept job proposals, to move freely on the territory of the EU and in this connection to stay and live on the territory of another Member State in order to work in conformity with the national legislation. The residential right is of crucial importance and it is related to the opportunity of EU citizens to found and manage own enterprises in other Member States under the conditions of the local citizens. yes A common transport policy is applied in order to achieve the free movement of persons and goods. This will guarantee common regulations and administrative procedures that will make easier the transport connections between the Member States. The Free Movement of Services During the transition period the Member States should remove the obstacles for offering services in the industrial or trade sector, craft industry, as well as the free professions. More precisely, by the end of first stage the existing obstacles should be identified and a plan for removing restrictions should be accepted. For each service category this plan should define concrete steps for liberalization. Sources? The Free Movement of Capital It is related to the removal of all obstacles to payments and transfers of capital by residents of a Member State during the transitional period. yes However, the achievement of the aims of the Single Market is very difficult. Despite the removal of tariff restrictions on trade (duties and quotas), the experience shows that in some cases, markets are completely closed or partially limiting freedom of movement. This is the main cause for some important cases in the Court of Justice (now the European Court of Justice), related to the restriction of the free movement of goods. The case under the name of The Cassis de Dijon became significant example (Atkinson and Oleson, 1994: 984).very well. It is raised by Rewe Zentral AG against the Federal Office of West Germany in the monopoly of alcohol drinks that refuse the import of French liqueur, since it does not fit into any existing categories of alcohol used in the country and hence the inability to have an appropriate excise. The decision of the Court (case court à Ã‚ ¡-120/78) is that the refusal to license is a measure having equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions. Very we ll ! The case sets a precedent for the principle of mutual recognition of the conditions for access to the internal market of the Member States. Good ! There are other obstacles to the single market, such as problems with taxes and charges having equivalent effect to customs duties. The free movement of workers is also difficult. For example, the Kingdom of Belgium was forced to reconsider the requirement to have Belgian citizenship in order to occupy certain positions (C-149/79). Yes ! good example The integration process in the second half of the 70s and mid 80s of the 20th century is generally smooth. The main problems for the functioning of the Single Market are non-tariff in nature, stemming from differences in national legislation (Atkinson and Oleson, 1994: 984). In 1985 the Commission provided the EU Council with the White Paper Completing the Internal Market. The document recommends the elimination of physical barriers (border control at internal borders); the removal of technical barriers (requiring substantial harmonization, including industry standards, document exchange), as well as removal of fiscal barriers (taxes and government fees, which have the effect of duty, indirect taxes in particular VAT). All this requires considerable coordination and implementation of common policies in the field of police cooperation (due to the increased risk and free movement of criminals, terrorists, etc.); introduction of common rules regarding state aid and competition, public p rocurement and more. Very well ! The report sets a new stage of enhanced removal of technical, legal and other obstacles. A number of directives and regulations have been adopted; the most important one is the signing and entry into force of the Treaty on European Union (1992) and practical creation of Single Market. The process continues after that and becomes the basis for the eastward enlargement after putting behind the fear of socialism. Good ! According to the Eur-Lex current regulations in the field of Internal market regarding harmonization of legislation are 1053, and in the field of Internal market: policy related to enterprises 48. Source? Despite these achievements, nowadays the Single Market continues to face some obstacles and problems (non tariff barriers), that are intensified in the conditions of a crisis. A new strategy for the Single Market (Monti, 2010) is published in 2010 in order to overcome the new challenges (especially the growing nationalism and weak political activity for improving the Single Market in terms of continuing crisis) in 2010 published report A new strategy for the Single Market (Monti, 2010). The report concludes that in many areas the Single Market is not yet sufficiently developed. Yes ! It remains fragmented which hampers the innovations and suppresses the growth potential of the European economy. Free movement of persons, goods, services and capital is not always smooth yes !, which is often a result of administrative barriers and weak enforcement of EU regulations. Among the main recommendations is the building of a stronger Single Market (including through the development of digital Single Market and providing green growth). This requires the achievement of political consensus and continuing efforts to deepen integration and improvement of the Single Market. Existing barriers can be summarized for each of the four freedoms. Movement of goods is hampered by problems such as licensing regimes (lack of a European patent), counterfeiting and piracy good ; national fiscal policies (in particular VAT) etc. The Free Movement of Services faces more important barriers, including lack of standardization (reflecting on the difficulty to assess their quality and effectiveness), insufficient transparency in some sectors (e.g. banks in relation to taxes and commissions) etc. good Free movement of persons is hampered by barriers to the recognition of professional qualifications, the availability of physical control of borders (airports, delaying the accession of Bulgaria and Romania into the Schengen area) etc yes . Free movement of capital is hindered mainly by fiscal and other barriers (an important issue is offshore zones, allowing evasion of tax systems Eden and Kudrle, 2005) yes. The efforts of the Commission to overcome the problems continue. Commission makes 50 proposals in its Single Market Act (COM/2010/0608), which after public consultation have been reduced to 12 instruments (COM/2011/0206). Whether their practical implementation will lead to real development in the Single Market depends to a high extent on the desire for political cooperation and practical efforts towards change. Very good ! References Atkinson, G. and Oleson, T. (1994) Europe 1992: From Customs Union to Economic Community. Journal of Economic Issues, 28(4), pp. 977-995 Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (1957). [Online]. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/index.htm#founding [Accessed 9 July 2012] à Ã‚ ¡-120/78, Judgment of the Court of 20 February 1979. Quantative restrictions measures having equivalent effect [Online]. Available at: http://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2009-05/tra-doc-bg-arret-c-0120-1978-200802154-05_02.pdf [Accessed 10 July 2012] C-149/79, Judgment of the Court of 17 December 1980. Commission of the European Communities v Kingdom of Belgium. Free movement of workers.  [Online]. Available at: http://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2009-05/tra-doc-bg-arret-c-0149-1979-200802156-05_00.pdf [Accessed 11 July 2012] Commission Of The European Communities, Completing the Internal Market. White Paper from the Commission to the European Council (Milan, 28-29 June 1985), COM(85) 310 final, Brussels, 14 June 1985. [Online]. Available at: http://europa.eu/documents/comm/white_papers/pdf/com1985_0310_f_en.pdf [Accessed 11 July 2012] Treaty on European Union, Official Journal C 191, 29 July 1992. [Online]. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/dat/11992M/htm/11992M.html [Accessed 11 July 2012] Eur-Lex, 13 Industrial policy and internal market. [Online]. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/bg/legis/latest/chap13.htm [Accessed 11 July 2012] Monti, Mario (2010) A new strategy for the Single Market. At the service of Europes economy and society. Report to the President of the European Commission Josà © Manuel Barroso. [Online]. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/strategy/docs/monti_report_final_10_05_2010_en.pdf [Accessed 11 July 2012] Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Single Market Act Twelve levers to boost growth and strengthen confidence Working together to create new growth, COM/2011/0206 final. [Online]. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0206:FIN:EN:HTML [Accessed 11 July 2012] Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Towards a Single Market Act For a highly competitive social market economy 50 proposals for improving our work, business and exchanges with one another, COM/2010/0608. [Online]. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52010DC0608:EN:NOT [Accessed 11 July 2012] Eden, Lorraine; Kudrle, Robert T., Tax Havens: Renegade States in the International Tax Regime? Law Policy, Jan2005, Vol. 27 Issue 1, p100-127 2) Corporate social responsibility (CSR) The interest of the public attention to CSR should be viewed in the context of contemporary culture and in particular global interest in the protection of human rights and freedoms and the understanding of responsibility in various aspects. Yes . The promotion of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the Universal Declarations of Human Rights (1948) (no doubt influenced by Christian ethics) is the result of realizing the value of human life and equality of persons before the law. The constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens in developed societies is the basis for developing various initiatives for their actual implementation in society. Therefore, serious violations of these rights are a factor which attracts attention to CSR. Very well. Some violations of multinational corporations (MNC) are: Injuring local community in the process of exploitation of natural resources. An important example is the activities of Shell in Nigeria. During the military regime the government did not return any or very little of the oil revenue to the local population. In this reason Ogoni people started a political fight to defend their rights. The attention of the international community is drawn to the problem after the execution of representatives of the Movement for Ogoni Rights (Holzer, 2007). Good example exploitation of workers, including children. This category includes issues such as disregard for labour rights, long working hours, rest in work time, working under hazardous conditions without protective equipment etc. In many cases this is caused by imperfect legislation or lack of it in developing countries, but also it depends on cultural differences. For example, there is considerable opposition to introduce a ban on children working in the footwear sector in Brazil (Zwolinski, 2007). Good example Another factor directing public attention to CSR is associated with the use of environmentally harmful practices. In the late 70s some MNC (especially in oil and automobile industries) are accused of serious pollution of air, ocean, soils (Eells, 1975). The activities of Shell in Nigeria have significant environmental damage to areas in the delta of the River of Niger (Holzer, 2007). The ocean oil spills also caused a significant damage to nature. Among the worst spills in the history are those in the Gulf of Mexico after the explosion on the platform Deepwater Horizon (about 4.4 million barrels Griggs, 2011) and spills from tanker Exxon Valdez (240 thousands barrels poured into the Gulf of Alaska in 1989 Bowen and Power, 1993). yes Unchanging principle of the responsibility is that the one caused some damage is obliged to restore it or compensate proportionately it. This is one of the fundamental principles underlying the CSR. Moreover, in todays world not correction (after the damage) is increasingly important but to make efforts to prevent and reduce the negative practices good point. This promotes the use of CSR as a good practice. In opposition to the socio-economic approach of CSR is the purely economic approach to business. The most outspoken supporter of the economic approach is the monetarist Milton Friedman (1970). He sees business as an activity whose main task is to maximize wealth of shareholders. In the free-enterprise system business can not have any purpose other than profit which implies reducing unnecessary costs including those for CSR. Yes indeed. In this sense, the implementation of extraneous social work is a kind of tax on company activity which reduces economic efficiency and competitiven ess. Moreover, according to Friedman (1970) the imposition of public opinion to corporations for providing CSR violates the foundations of liberal society (democracy) which values are replaced à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹by values of socialism. An additional argument of Friedman (1970) is that the company itself is an artificial product of man, it cannot be liable only people can have responsibilities. Yes ! Another theory in opposition to the CSR concept is the theory of Henderson (2009) who considers the continued spread of CSR in practice as a threat. According to Henderson (2009:11) The doctrine rests on mistaken presumptions about recent economic developments and their implications for the role and conduct of enterprises, while putting it into effect would make the world poorer and more over-regulated. According to Henderson (2009) the true role of business consists of four propositions. First of all, the economic progress is driven by innovative activities related to profit. Secondly, the competition should be the only tool that contributes to development and thus improve welfare. Thirdly, the role of business units should be the engine of progress through private ownership and profit-directed activity (capitalism). Fourthly, in market economy conditions and intense competition, companies make their profits by attracting customers with various offers in an innovative way. Interesti ng point ! Very good answer ! References Bowen, Michael G. and Power, F. Clark (1993) The moral manager: communicative ethics and the exxon valdez disaster. Business Ethics Quarterly. 3 (2), p.97-115 Eells, Richard (1975) Multinational corporations under fire. Management Review, 64 (2), p.43-45 Friedman, Milton (1970) The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits. The New York Times Magazine, September 13. [Online]. Available at: http://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.html [Accessed 12 July 2012] Griggs, John Wyeth (2011) BP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill. Energy Law Journal, 32 (1), p.57-79 Henderson, David (2009) Misguided corporate virtue: the case against csr, and the true role of business today. Economic Affairs. 29 (4), p.11-15. Holzer, Boris (2007) Framing the Corporation: Royal Dutch/Shell and Human Rights Woes in Nigeria. Journal of Consumer Policy, 30 (3), p.281-301. International Bill of Human Rights. A Universal Declarations of Human Rights, 1948. [Online]. Available at: http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/043/88/IMG/NR004388.pdf?OpenElement [Accessed 12 July 2012] Welles, John C. (1973) Multinationals Need New Environmental Strategies. Columbia Journal of World Business. 8 (2), p11-18 Zwolinski, Matt (2007) Sweatshops, choice, and exploitation. Business Ethics Quarterly. 17 (4), p.689-727. 3) Internationalization of the business The company has the opportunity to expand its operations by penetration of the foreign market. Several reasons support the decision to internationalize company operations. The first factor is the successful business development in the local market (Thai and Chong, 2011). The internationalization of business is facilitated by resources, ensuring local competitiveness, such as knowledge and experience in manufacturing and marketing (to know the characteristics of demand and market segmentation which can be successfully applied in other markets particularly when demand has a similar characteristics), known brands, ability to learn and utilization of knowledge and others (Wright et al, 2007). good Another internal factor facilitating internationalization is the availability of adequate human resources, including international experience of managers and entrepreneurs, managerial competence (international business skills and management know-how) (Ruzzier et al, 2007), leadership skills, etc. The interpersonal business skills include cognitive capabilities and personal aptitudes, cross-cultural competence and communication skills, knowledge integration and applications, disciplinary knowledgebase and methodologies (Mughan and Kyvik, 2010). good Other factors that influence decision for international expansion are the expectations for growth and other positive effects of the internationalization of business. The company should have adequate organizational capability securing growth in order to achieve these benefits (Thai and Chong, 2011). Some of the positive effects of internationalization are increased volume, revenue and profits. In addition, the company can expect so-called learning by exporting effect (Sicoli, 2012). As a result of the internationalization of business companies could improve knowledge which leads to increased productivity (including effects due to economies of scale). Very good ! Some external factors also influence the internationalization of corporate activities such as processes of globalization and integration, liberalization of international trade and removing trade barriers (Sicoli, 2012). Other factor is price differences of manufactured products between domestic emerging market and developed foreign markets (due to existing cost differences) (Vasilchenko and Morrish, 2011). yes There are few possible strategies for entering the foreign market. The strategy of direct export has the lowest risk and lower costs but it gives a more limited ability to control business activity yes !(Wright et al, 2007). Exports of foreign market are achieved through a sales network agents, distributors, retailers which are generally independent business units. The relationships in the network are based on contractual agreements (Philippe and Là ©o, 2011) yes !. Strategic alliances with suppliers or customers (even though it carries risks such as choosing the wrong partner or excessive dependent on them) allow the realization of cost benefits and service benefits, including taking advantage of technological advance or prior knowledge (Vanpoucke and Vereecke, 2010) yes !. The creation of a joint venture is characterized by high risk and significant investments. However, it allows far greater control over the activity and can bring all the benefits of strategic alliances yes !. C reation of subsidiaries (with the highest risk) or franchise network (with relatively low risk but here the success requires effort for standardization and control) provides the highest level of control (Wright et al, 2007) yes. In theory there is an common view that firms should enter the foreign market incrementally, first through direct export and subsequently by partly controlled network (join venture, strategic alliance) or fully controlled network (subsidiaries, franchises) taking into account the current circumstances and firms competitive advantages (Philippe and Là ©o, 2011) very good !. No matter which strategy will be chosen in order to internationalize the business, the firm needs to create a network. The relationship, trust and relationship commitment decisions predetermine future success because what happens, happens in relationships. So success depends on the available knowledge and ability to learn; opportunities and creativity; capabilities and trust building (Schw eizer et al, 2010). Good In order to achieve successful penetration of foreign markets Wen and Arokiasamy (2011) propose firm to implement integrated business strategies in foreign market, which is separated by three groups of strategies. The first group is the international marketing strategies, which include Market entry strategies, Diversification and Marketing mix. The second group is The International Operation Strategies, which includes Logistic Management, Oversea Subsidiaries, Oversea Production and Headquarters. The third group of strategies is International Business Strategy, which include Standardization, Differentiation, Localization and Level of Commitment. Very good ! However, to enter a foreign market successfully the company has to learn quickly (which will contribute to reduction of the risk) and keep cultural differences into account (Thai and Chong, 2011). Many cultural differences can affect the operational efficiency (increase costs or reduce revenues) such as using language, religion, behaviour standard, body language and greetings, power distance, etc. The main problem is when after the internationalization firm faces to cultural shock (stress caused by cultural change). Cultural shock can significantly worsen the working environment; negatively affect the organizational culture and performance very good !(Grundey, 2008).